Researchers attempted to identify reasons for differences in lactation in a new study.  The study examined gene expression at different stages of lactation.  These genes play a role in the making, modifying, packaging, and transporting of milk proteins, critically linking them to breast milk production.  The researchers examined some genes that were involved in both the synthesis of lactose and insulin signaling.  A biomarker was found that was linked to both insulin resistance and insufficient milk production.

Insulin resistance is related to diabetes or prediabetes.  With approximately 20 percent of women of childbearing age being prediabetic, one-fifth of new mothers may be at risk for low breast milk supply.  The researchers from this study are planning a follow-up to determine if medications used to control blood sugar in diabetics would help these women increase their milk supply.

Insulin, a hormone created by the pancreas, plays a critical role in metabolism.  Insulin resistance is a condition whereby the body is able to produce insulin, but cannot effectively use it.  This results in a buildup of glucose in the blood and, eventually, development of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes.  Insulin resistance has been shown to occur as a result of genetics, excess weight, physical inactivity, diseases, or other behavioral factors.

It is possible to reverse the effects of insulin resistance and avoid or delay prediabetes becoming diabetes.  Cutting fat intake and incorporating modest physical activity can help the body with insulin regulation.  Drugs are another option, but not ideal.  One study has shown a hormone therapy helps increase insulin production, but the body still needs to be able to use insulin correctly.

Breastfeeding provides a number of benefits for babies and mothers.  For babies, studies have shown that breast milk offers an ideal combination of nutrients and is more easily digested.  Breast milk is also important for immunity and overall health, with regular breastfeeding linked with reduced respiratory illness, ear infections, and gastrointestinal problems.  Studies have also shown breastfeeding linked with higher IQ scores later in life, better bonding from the physical closeness, lower chronic disease, reduced risk of SIDS, and a healthier weight.

The mother also benefits from breastfeeding.  It helps burn extra calories, making it easier to return to a healthy weight.  Breastfeeding also releases oxytocin, which helps the uterus reduce in size and minimize uterine bleeding.  Mothers that breastfeed also show a lower rate of breast and ovarian cancers and of osteoporosis.  Identifying and overcoming hurdles to breast milk production will help increase breastfeeding rates.