A recent fossil find in Montana sheds light on the history of North American dinosaurs.
When people think of horned dinosaurs, the one that usually comes to mind is triceratops. The massive, 10 foot high, 25 foot long, 10 ton, three horned animals are almost as recognizable to dinosaur fans as Tyrannosaurus rex. A recent find, however, shows that the first horned dinosaurs in North America were much smaller.
An expedition led by Richard Cifelli, curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, has uncovered the skull and lower jaw of a horned dinosaur about the size of a rabbit. The animal is 40 million years older than Triceratops and 20 million years older than any other known North American, horned dinosaur.
Aquilops americanus, which means American eagle face, was about 2 feet in length and weighed approximately 3.5 pounds. Its name comes from the hooked beak that it used to cut plants for food.
“Aquilops is the first fossil to show what the earliest horned dinosaurs in North America looked like. Scattered teeth and bones from around the same time showed us that these animals were here, but not much else was known,” said paleontologist Andrew Farke, Augustyn Family Curator at the Raymond M. Alf Museum of Paleontology in a statement. Farke is the lead author of a paper on the animal which appears in the journal PLOS ONE.
The researchers found that the animal is more closely related to ceratopsians, or horned dinosaurs, from Asia than its North American ancestors. This adds to the growing pile of evidence suggesting a mass migration, across some form of land bridge from Asia 115-105 million years ago.
“One thing paleontologists have been doing lately is trying to figure out where the late Cretaceous dinosaurs came from. Did they get to North America or did they evolve here?” said Lindsay Zanno, to Live Science. Zanno is an assistant research professor of paleontology at North Carolina State University and was not involved in the study.
This hypothesized mass migration would roughly coincide with the Omineca Episode; a period of intense volcanic activity and geological change which occurred in the northern Pacific region 180-115 million years ago and dramatically altered the landscape of North America’s west coast.
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