Most of us might feel a little sad when we see a long line of discarded Christmas trees waiting for the garbage man on December 26. But not to worry; these modern evergreens have been cultivated over countless breeding seasons for ornamental purposes; in a very real sense they are fulfilling their destiny! Not to mention, they are mere babes compared to their majestic ancestors – certain varietals have been known to live nearly 5000 years and stand 300 feet tall – as well as some of the most fascinating and versatile plants growing on the planet.

Conifers, also commonly known as spruces, cedars, pines and firs, are found in the vast boreal forests of the northern hemisphere. They are exceptionally hardy, able to survive forest temperatures of nearly -80 degrees Fahrenheit and sparse exposure to rainfall.

These clever trees have the ability to modify their biochemistry to lessen their likelihood of freezing in these harsh environments. This process, known as ‘hardening,’ transforms the tree cells into a glass-like state, which lowers their metabolism and keeps them from being damaged by the cold. In addition, that delicious woodsy scent your Christmas tree exudes is secreted in sticky resin that helps to protect the tree from insect infestation, hungry animals and fungal infections.

The conifer isn’t just a pretty face propping up tinsel and ornaments; it is of significant economic importance as well. This tree is regularly harvested for timber and paper production, and its adaptability allows it to be grown outside its native range – certain species of firs regularly grown in the US have exploded in popularity as Christmas trees and are being introduced to other countries, such as the United Kingdom.

The tree lighting up your living room this holiday season has a noble history, but an uncertain future. Climate change may threaten the survival and reproduction of this stubbornly cold-weather vegetation, as a global warming trend transforms boreal forests into grassland and parkland. Scientific research is underway to analyze the effect of cooler and warmer temperatures on the growth and aging process of conifers; the findings could allow farmers to better prepare for future Christmas tree harvesting seasons.
Next year, consider draping icicles on your Christmas tree – it will feel much more at home.