Exercise has been shown to boost the variance of gut bacteria, according to a new study.

In addition, high levels of protein in the diet contribute to overall wellness. Lowered diversity of gut microbes have been associated with obesity and other medical problems. In contrast, elevated diversity has been linked to a healthy metabolic profile and a strong immune system.

The study,  conducted by a team of researchers in Ireland and published in the journal Gut, is the first of its kind to closely examine the association between physical activity and its effect on gut microbiota.

Dr. Georgina Hold, of Aberdeen University’s Institute of Medical Sciences, highlights the significance of determining how various lifestyle changes can affect bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.

“As life expectancy continues to increase, it is important that we understand how best to maintain good health. Never has this been more relevant than in respect to our resident microbiota. Understanding the complex relationship among what we choose to eat, activity levels and gut microbiota richness is essential,” said Dr. Hold in a statement.

The study involved fecal and blood samples from elite rugby players who were in the middle of an intense training program to determine the range of microbiota in their guts. Their samples were compared with samples taken from healthy men who were not professional athletes, but were similar in size and age of the athletes.

The study found that the rugby players had lower amounts of inflammatory markers than any of the participants in the comparison group, as well as a better metabolic profile. Of particular importance is the discovery that the athletes also had a much better diversity of gut bacteria than the comparison group, especially among those with a high Body Mass Index.

As the life expectancy of individuals continues to rise, it’s necessary to understand how to maintain optimal health, with particular emphasis on the importance of gut microbiota.