A new study, published in the journal Science Translational Medicine, described how a laser may be able to spur regeneration in teeth using stem cells. The research team notes that there have been rapid advancements in the field of stem cell biology, which has potential for regenerative medicine. However, there may be a number of regulatory and clinical obstacles before these can be realized and applied to patients in need.

According to Live Science, this study provides promise for lasers to be used in place of getting a root canal. They found that exposing the cells on the inside of a tooth to weak laser light stimulates the growth of dentin, the substance that makes up much of a tooth’s structure. Further research is needed in humans, but the technique has been successful in rodents and in human cells in a culture.

If the technique works in humans, it will not be a complete substitute. Rather than regenerating the whole tooth, this process could restore the part of the tooth under the enamel. Then, the dental professionals would need to provide an artificial enamel or protective coating to strengthen the tooth and prevent further damage to the repaired tooth.

Fox News reports that the procedure focuses on a native protein called transforming growth factor beta, or TGF-beta. Once activated by the laser, TGF-beta helps stem cells regenerate and reform dentin for the inside of the tooth. This technique for stem cell therapy is the first to introduce only a light to trigger regeneration, while others involve more manipulation and, therefore, more risk.