Preserved flowering plant demonstrates the growing diversity of the Cretaceous period
In the movie Jurassic Park, geneticists used the blood from mosquitoes fossilized in amber, or hardened tree sap, to duplicate dinosaur DNA. That’s (probably) not a real thing that can happen, but amber fossils most certainly exist. Case in point: Researchers from Oregon State University discovered a 100 million year old amber fossil that reveals a flowering plant getting busy (with itself).
The specimen is believed to be the oldest known evidence of sexual reproduction in a flowering plant. Perfectly preserved, the scene depicts a plant with a cluster of 18 small Cretaceous period flowers, with one of them in the process of producing the next generation’s seeds.
“In Cretaceous flowers we’ve never before seen a fossil that shows the pollen tube actually entering the stigma,” said George Poinar, Jr., a professor emeritus in the Department of Integrative Biology at the OSU College of Science. “This is the beauty of amber fossils. They are preserved so rapidly after entering the resin that structures such as pollen grains and tubes can be detected with a microscope.”
The reproduction process seen in the fossil is identical to that of flowering plants today. The pollen in this particular specimen appears to be sticky, which the scientists say indicates it was carried by a pollinating insect, perhaps a huge, horrifying Cretaceous bee. Though dinosaurs still dominated Earth, the Cretaceous period was a time when diverse flora and fauna began to emerge.
“The evolution of flowering plants caused an enormous change in the biodiversity of life on Earth, especially in the tropics and subtropics,” Poinar said.
“New associations between these small flowering plants and various types of insects and other animal life resulted in the successful distribution and evolution of these plants through most of the world today,” he said. “It’s interesting that the mechanisms for reproduction that are still with us today had already been established some 100 million years ago.”
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